Manufacturing
Circularity
The vocabulary of reversible manufacturing comes from the circular economy. These are the concepts and organisations that define how products and materials can keep cycling at full value, instead of running one way to waste.
Ellen MacArthur Foundation →
The leading circular-economy charity, which sets the canonical definition and principles for the field.
Ellen MacArthur Foundation
Circular economy — three principles →
Eliminate waste and pollution; circulate products and materials at their highest value; regenerate nature.
Ellen MacArthur Foundation
Cradle to Cradle →
McDonough and Braungart's framework of biological versus technical nutrients — design for safe, endless cycling.
McDonough & Braungart
The R-hierarchy / 9R framework →
The ladder of circular strategies, from Refuse and Reduce all the way down to Recover.
PBL Netherlands
Design for Disassembly (DfD) →
Designing products and buildings so their materials can be recovered cleanly at end of life.
US EPA
Reversible Building Design (BAMB) →
Demountable connections and the idea of buildings as material banks that can be taken apart again.
BAMB
Right to Repair →
The owner's right to maintain, repair and modify the devices they own.
Wikipedia
Downcycling →
Why most recycling loses material value, turning materials into lower-quality versions of themselves.
Wikipedia